How many satellites are required for Fault Detection (RAIM)?

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Multiple Choice

How many satellites are required for Fault Detection (RAIM)?

Explanation:
Redundancy in measurements is what RAIM relies on. In GNSS you solve for four unknowns: your three coordinates and the receiver clock bias. With four satellites you have just enough equations for a solution, so there’s no extra information to test whether one measurement is faulty. Adding a fifth satellite provides one extra measurement, creating redundancy that lets you check consistency among the measurements. By analyzing residuals or using a RAIM test, you can detect if one satellite’s data don’t fit with the rest. That makes five satellites the minimum needed for fault detection. If you have six or more satellites, you can also perform fault detection with exclusion, identifying and removing the faulty satellite to keep a reliable solution.

Redundancy in measurements is what RAIM relies on. In GNSS you solve for four unknowns: your three coordinates and the receiver clock bias. With four satellites you have just enough equations for a solution, so there’s no extra information to test whether one measurement is faulty. Adding a fifth satellite provides one extra measurement, creating redundancy that lets you check consistency among the measurements. By analyzing residuals or using a RAIM test, you can detect if one satellite’s data don’t fit with the rest. That makes five satellites the minimum needed for fault detection. If you have six or more satellites, you can also perform fault detection with exclusion, identifying and removing the faulty satellite to keep a reliable solution.

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